Service related operations such as start/stop/restart windows services are usually assigned to Administrators. Sometimes, you might need to delegate these tasks to non-admin users. In this article, I will show the 4 methods to set the service’s permission to any user account/service account. I will use SQL service (MSSQLSERVER) in domain environment.
Method-1: Using Powershell Module (from TechNet Script Repository, easiest but modules are not trusted by Microsoft) Method-2: Using subinacl.exe (from Official Microsoft Download, need to install executable locally on computer, an easy method) Method-3: Using built-in security configuration template in MMC console (do not need to install executable, easy with GUI but more steps are needed) Method-4: Using built-in service control manager command line (difficult, prone-to-errors if manually configured)
Method-1: Using Powershell Module
Edit: As of Aug,2021, I found that PowershellAccessControl module is no longer available on microsoft gallery. So, alternatively you can download it from github. Extract the zip file and rename the folder name PowerShellAccessControl-master to PowerShellAccessControl and move it to C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules. Before we start, let’s see the SQL service restart option is gray-out for ‘myuser’. See Fig-1.
Fig-1: Normal user can’t start/stop the service
Open the powershell and check the current service permission for ‘myuser’. To do this, make Get-service and pipeline into Get-EffectiveAccess. Type the following command. Get-Service MSSQLSERVER | Get-EffectiveAccess -Principal contosomyuser
You can also check the service permission for domain admin account. Get-Service MSSQLSERVER | Get-EffectiveAccess -Principal contosoadministrator
See Fig-2.
Fig-2: Check the users permissions on SQL service
Now, give the user start/stop permission of MSSQLSERVER. See Fig-3. Get-Service MSSQLSERVER | Add-AccessControlEntry -ServiceAccessRights Start,Stop -Principal contosomyuser
Fig-3: Assign start/stop permission to ‘myuser’ in powershell
You can see that the ‘myuser’ now has the start/stop/restart permission on SQL service. See Fig-4.
Fig-4: SQL service can now be stopped
Method-2: Using subinacl.exe
As of Aug,2021, I found that Server 2003 Resource kit is no longer available from Microsoft downloads. So, I suggest you to use other three methods instead of this.
subinacl.exe is a command-line tool that is included in Server 2003 Resource kit. You can separately download it from Microsoft website here.
Install the subinacl.msi. See Fig-5.
Fig-5: Install subinacl.exe
After install is completed, go to the install directory and use subinacl.exe. For help, type subinacl.exe /?. See Fig-7.
Fig-7: Getting help with subinacl.exe
Since we are going to check/assign/revoke permission to sql service. We will use only these commands:
Fig-9: Assign start/stop permission & re-check the permissions
From table, we can see that we have use TO alias in <access> parameter for starting & stopping the service. A full list of ACE aliases can be found here.
Alias
Description
F
Full Control
R
Generic Read
W
Generic Write
X
Generic eXecute
L
Read controL
Q
Query Service Configuration
S
Query Service Status
E
Enumerate Dependent Services
C
Service Change Configuration
T
Start Service
O
Stop Service
P
Pause/Continue Service
I
Interrogate Service
U
Service User-Defined Control Commands
Now, you can start/stop the SQL service !
If you want to revoke the permission. You can use with the subinacl.exe command with /revoke switch. See Fig-10.
Method-3: Using built-in security configuration template in MMC console
You can also use local security configuration to assign necessary permissions. These are steps:
Create new security template (in which security settings of service is defined)
Create new security database with newly created security template
Analysis the current configuration with the security database and find the conflicts
Apply the security configuration
1) Create new security template
Create “Security Template” folder under C: where we can save our own security templates.
Open MMC console >> Add/Remove Snap-in >> Choose Security Templates >> Add >> OK
Right-click and “New Template Search Path”. See Fig-11.
Select the location to our newly created folder(C:Security Templates). The path will be listed in console as shown in Fig-12.
Fig-11: Set the new template search path
Then, right-click the new node and choose “New Template”. See Fig-12.
Fig-12: Creating new security template
Give the new template name and click OK. See Fig-13.
Fig-13: Give the new template name
You will see a bunch of security options (the same one you see in Local Security Policy Editor). Since we want to modify the security setting of SQL service, right-click SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER) and click Properties. See Fig-14.
Enable the check box to define the policy. Click Edit Security for more options.
Fig-14: Browse for sql service to edit security settings
You can see that “System” and “Administrators” already have full permissions. Add ‘myuser’ as new user and select ‘Start, stop and pause’ permission. See Fig-15.
Fig-15: Add new user and set service permissions
You need to save this modified security template. Right-click the template node and save. And the file will be saved as .inf file in your template directory. See Fig-16.
Fig-16: Save the template
2) Create new security database with newly created security template
From current MMC console >> Add/Remove Snap-in >> Security Configuration and Analysis >> Add >>OK. See Fig-17.
Right-Click the “Security Configuration and Analysis” node and click open database…
Choose the location you want to save the security database file (I use the default directory “C:Users<myusername>DocumentsSecurityDatabase”). I give the name of the database as “ModifySQLServicePermission”. See Fig-18.
Fig-18: Set location to save the security database & give the file name
Then you will need to import the template. Choose your saved template which is stored at C:Security TemplateAssign MSSQLSERVER Start_Stop Permission to MyUser. See Fig-19.
Fig-19: Import the security template to use with security database
3) Analysis the current configuration with the security database and find the conflicts
Now, we can analyze your computer security’s setting whether it matches with our newly created security database.
Right-click the “Security Configuration and Analysis” and click Analyze Computer Now….See Fig-20.
Fig-20: Analyze if the current security setting matches with the security database
You will see the result tree after analysis is finished.
Go to SQL service and check the result and there you will see the red cross icon which indicates that it conflicts with your current (unmodified) security settings. See Fig-21.
Fig-21: The red-cross shows us the conflicted security settings
4) Apply the security configuration
You can now apply the security settings.
Click Configure Computer Now… as shown in Fig-22. You will see the progress status as in Fig-23.
Fig-22: Apply Security Settings
Fig-23: Apply Security settings in progress
Now, you can start/stop the SQL service with our normal user account.
Method-4: Using built-in service control manager command line
In this method, we edit the Security Descriptor of windows service in SDDL (Security Descriptor Definition Language) language. it is a bit difficult to understand if you’re not already familiar to SDDL descriptions. But there is an easy method to do this, which will be explained here. (I have written the another blogpost to explain the details of modifying these access control lists with example).
Here, you need to use sc.exe to check/get/set the service permissions. Its syntax is:
sc.exe sdshow <myservice>Find the current security settings
sc.exe sdset <myservice> <securitySettingsInSDDLformat> Set the security settings
So, we will check the current permission of SQL service by the following command.
sc sdshow myssqlserver
Fig-24: Check the initial service security stings
Then, you need to generate the new security descriptor using the same method as we do in previous method with MMC console.
Open MMC Console
Add “Security Templates” and “Security Configuration and Analysis” Snap-ins (Fig-11)
Set the template path, create new template with desired settings and save the template (Fig-12,13,14,15,16)
There is an .inf file in your saved location. Open the file and you will see entries as the below one. See Fig-25.
You will see there is an extra entry compared to our initial result which I highlighted in red color. This is the added user permission to start/stop the SQL service followed by user’s SID.
Note: You can also get the user name back from this SID by the following command (optional, just for knowledge)
wmic useraccount where sid=”S-1-5-21-2647241702-1957647361-952520019-1197″ get name,sidNow, I can set this new permission with sc.exe sdset<newSDDL> command. See Fig-26.
Fig-26: Set the new permission with sc.exe sdset
The command completes successfully. And user now has start/stop permission on SQL service. See Fig-27.
For full syntax of SDDL(Security Descriptor Definition Language) and ACEs (Access Control Lists), you can refer this TechNet article.
Here we will assign the start/stop permission of MSSQLSERVER to ‘MyUser’ domain user. Assume that computer has been SQL 2012 installed in domain environment. We can easily assign the necessary permission the by Powershell Access Control Module and will check which permissions are changed.Before doing this, we will run sc sdshow mssqlserver and check the initial service permission. See Fig-1.
Recently I installed windows 8.1 along with existing windows 10 on my free partition. After reboot, the dual boot option gives me 30 second time-out with the default to windows 8.1 as seen in Fig-1. As I worked with Win-10 most of the time, I need my computer boot directly into windows 10 with less time-out. Since Windows Vista and later, windows shipped with bcdedit.exe which gives enhanced user option to edit the BCD Store (Boot Configuration Data, formerly called boot loader) before calling the windows kernel.You can read a complete windows boot process from the following articles. https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/11341.the-windows-7-boot-process-sbsl.aspx https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee221031(v=ws.10).aspx
Note: There are many third-party tools if you prefer GUI for this task. EASYBCD has a free (also has a paid version), one of the popular BCD editor tools to work with dual boot systems.
Fig-1: Default is Window 8.1 and 30 seconds time-out
bcdedit.exe has a good many parameters for boot configuration tasks. Check a full list of bcdedit.exe commands with: bcdedit.exe /? bcdedit.exe <parameter> /?
1) Backup before you do anything Like editing registry, you will need to backup the current configuration to avoid unexpected failures. First, create the backup directory under C: and run bcdedit with /export. See Fig-2. bcdedit.exe /export c:bcdbackup
Fig-2: Backup the BCD Store
2) Check the Current BCD setting You can check the current bcd setting with /enum and /v parameters. As, you can see the default id is {d22d3d4f-c6d9-11e6-bf59-d680d7abcd65} which is Windows 8.1. We need to change this id to the windows 10’s id in the next step. See Fig-3 for all OS lists in the boot menu. bcdedit.exe /enum /v
Fig-3: Enumerate all the Boot Options
3) Change the Default OS and Time-Out Settings As talked, we need to change the default OS Identifier to {6aea34be-2dec-11e6-9221-9292a8212aa0} which is Windows 10. Also, we want to decrease time-out to 5 sec. Type the following commands one-by-one (replace xxxxx with your own OS id). ** Note that you may see different id for your OS, not the same one here. So, do not copy & paste these commands ** bcdedit.exe /default {xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx} bcdedit.exe /timeout 5
So, for my case, my Windows 10’s id is {6aea34be-2dec-11e6-9221-9292a8212aa0}(check Fig-3). So, I need to type: bcdedit /default {6aea34be-2dec-11e6-9221-9292a8212aa0} bcdedit /timeout 5
Fig-4: Change the Default Boot OS & Time-Out Settings
4) Check your settings & Reboot (optional) Now, you can check your setting with the same command. See Fig-5. bcdedit.exe /enum /v
Fig-5: Check the setting after changes
You can reboot now (or later) to see the results. See Fig-6.
Active Directory Recycle Bin is available from Server 2008R2 but it is disabled by default and it is one of the most useful feature for system admins in that he can restore any directory objects (user/computer or system accounts) that he mistakenly deleted.
You need Active Directory Administrative Center Console and forest functional level 2008R2 as a minimum to use this.
For the restore process, you can use GUI or powershell. For permanent deletion, powershell is the way to go. Also, there is tombstone lifetime and deleted object lifetime depending on how long you want to keep the deleted objects. Continue reading “Active Directory Recycle Bin: A Practical Guide”
